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Liquidation penalty

The extra slice of collateral a liquidator takes as a reward.

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In plain words

A liquidator repays some of your debt and takes the same value of your collateral plus a bonus, usually 5 to 10%. That bonus is your loss on top of the price drop that caused it.

Worked example

Aave liquidates half of a $15,000 loan with a 5% penalty: you lose about $375.

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Examples use sample numbers. Estimates, not advice.